RottweilMunicipiumAraeFlagrijs.gifLE> </HEAD> <BODY background="../../../home/grijs.gif" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080"> <h1><em>Municipium Arae Flaviae</em>-Rottweil </h1> <p>See this text in <a href="rottweilmunicipiumaraeflaviae.htm"> <img src="../../../home/de.gif" width="16" height="16" border="0"></a></p> <h2><br> Foundation and structure</h2> <p>The first settlement grew up during the military occupation from c 72 AD onward. The foundation of the <em>municipium Arae Flaviae</em> is dates either to the reign of the Emperor Domitian (81-96) or is linked to the withdrawal of the troops c. 110/115 AD. The area of the military site on the Nikolausfeld to the west of the Neckar remained unoccupied, but all of the other forts were redeveloped. The urban development dates mainly to the 2<sup>nd</sup> century. The Latin name Arae Flaviae can be translated as ‘the Flavian Altars’, thus suggesting the presence of a sanctuary (so far unlocated) to the Flavian dynasty (69-96 AD) in the area.</p> <h2><br> The military installation</h2> <p>A total of five military sites are known in Rottweil and both legionary and auxiliary troops are attested. To the west of the Neckar Forts I and II followed each other whilst Forts III-V form a sequence to the east. The military occupation ended in the early 2<sup>nd</sup> century AD and a military vicus only developed around fort III.<br> <a href="rottweil001_engl.htm"><br> <img src="rottweil001a.jpg" width="100" height="111" border="0"></a> Forts and later occupation</p> <h2><br> The town and its structure</h2> <p>The road network continued the orientation of fort III. After the removal of the military, 200m of the former military vicus was abandoned. As a replacement a second road axis, parallel and to the west of the main road was built, resulting in insulae of c. 80 x 50-60m. The <em>municipium</em> remained undefended, with an occupied area of about 25ha.<br> <a href="rottweil002_engl.htm"><br> <img src="rottweil002a.jpg" width="100" height="149" border="0"></a> Plan of the Roman settlement east of the Neckar</p> <h2><br> Public buildings and infrastructure</h2> <p>The forum has not been securely identified. It is possible that the so-called ‘villa A’ was a basilica (L.50m) with adjoining courtyard and flanking rooms, in which case the area opposite should also be part of the forum complex, as the structure would otherwise be too small. According to geophysical surveys, however, the area to the south (the so-called ‘forum’) is densely occupied by strip buildings and so an interpretation as a public building can be ruled out. <br> <a href="rottweil003_engl.htm"><br> <img src="rottweil003a.jpg" width="100" height="141" border="0"></a> Model of the town centre with public buildings</p> <p>Within the former fort III, a long rectangular building (48 x 16m) has been excavated with rooms opening off both sides of a central corridor. This is interpreted as a <em>macellum </em>and a further (46 x 24m) structure within the former fort (the so-called ‘villa C’) is a courtyard flanked on all four sides by rooms. A separate bath building was probably part of the same complex, which is interpreted as an inn (<em>mansio</em>). </p> <table width="62%" border="0" cellspacing="5"> <tr> <td width="49%"><div align="center"><a href="rottweil004_engl.htm"> <img src="rottweil004a.jpg" width="100" height="71" border="0"></a></div></td> <td width="51%"><div align="center"><a href="rottweil005_engl.htm"> <img src="rottweil005a.jpg" width="100" height="141" border="0"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center">Reconstruction of the <em>mansio</em> (left) and the baths (right)</div></td> <td><div align="center">Plan of the <em>macellum</em></div></td> </tr> </table> <p>A (42 x 40m) public bath has been found in the western part of the settlement beneath the modern Pelagius Church. Its dating is unclear and it is possible that it represents the military baths of fort III, which remained in use. <br> <a href="rottweil006_engl.htm"><br> <img src="rottweil006a.jpg" width="100" height="78" border="0"></a> Ground plan of the baths near the church of Pelagius</p> <table width="85%" border="0" cellspacing="5"> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top">A sacred area was identified in the east of the town. Three Gallo-Roman temples are known from its southern half, whilst ‘villa B’, the structure to the north is probably also a Gallo-Roman temple. </td> <td width="44%" valign="top"><p>A Roman theatre can be postulated on the basis of a small number of remains on the slopes to the Prim, in the immediate vicinity to the temples just mentioned. It is unclear whether their axes were aligned.</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="32%"><div align="center"><a href="rottweil007_engl.htm"> <img src="rottweil007a.jpg" width="100" height="153" border="0"></a></div></td> <td width="24%"><div align="center"><a href="rottweil008_engl.htm"> <img src="rottweil008a.jpg" width="100" height="113" border="0"></a></div></td> <td><div align="center"><a href="rottweil009_engl.htm"> <img src="rottweil009a.jpg" width="100" height="124" border="0"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center">Ground plan of a Gallo-Roman temple (Villa B)</div></td> <td><div align="center">Ground plans of two Gallo-Roman temples</div></td> <td><div align="center">Excavated walls in the area of the proposed theatre</div></td> </tr> </table> <h2><br> Residential buildings</h2> <p>Strip buildings dominate the residential housing and ‘Bau M’ could be shown to consist of five building plots.<font color="#008040"> <font color="#008000">Die Bauten mit gemeinsamen Zwischenwänden waren 15-23 m breit und bis zu 60 m lang. Zur Straße hin befand sich eine durchlaufende Portikus. Einer der Parzellen war mit einem Peristylhaus bebaut. Die Steingebäude wurden wohl im frühen 2. Jh. n. Chr. errichtet.</font></font></p> <table width="51%" border="0" cellspacing="5"> <tr> <td width="48%" rowspan="2" valign="top"><p> <font color="#008000">Grundrisse von Streifenhäusern mit ca. 10-15 m Breite und ca. 30 m Länge wurden südlich von Bau M wurden nachgewiesen.</font> To the south of ‘Villa G’, a further complex of timber only stripbuildings are known, which date to the early 2<sup>nd</sup> century at the latest and are thus probably part of the fort vicus. Rottweil's transition from timber to stone construction came in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> centuries. </p></td> <td width="52%"><div align="center"><a href="rottweil010_engl.htm"> <img src="rottweil010a.jpg" width="68" height="250" border="0"></a></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center">The surviving wall south of Building M as detected by resistivity survey</div></td> </tr> </table> <p> The Orpheus villa, named after the mosaic found there, was probably a representational residence of a member of the local elite. The house, which occupied an entire insula, is easily comparable with similar structures in the Roman coloniae, for example the peristyle house with Dionysus mosaic in Cologne. </p> <p><br> <strong>Visible remains</strong><br> The foundations of the baths on the Nikolausfeld, inside Kastell II, have been consolidated. Hypocausts from the baths can be visited in the cellar of the Pelagius Church and a Roman basin is on display in front of the church.</p> <p><br> <strong>Museum</strong><strong><br> </strong>The Roman finds are exhibited in the Dominikaner-Museum in Rottweil.</p> <p>Text: Thomas Schmidts <br> </p> <h2><br> Select bibliography</h2> <p>Ph. Filtzinger, Arae Flaviae. Das römische Rottweil. Schriften des Limesmuseums Aalen 49 (Stuttgart 1995).</p> <p>A. Hahn-Weishaupt, Der Landkreis Rottweil. Führer zu archäologischen Denkmälern in Deutschland 29 (Stuttgart 1994) 69-79.</p> <p>T. Herbich/ K. Misiewicz/C. S. Sommer, u.a., Geophysical prospection in Roman Rottweil- Arae Flaviae. A resistivity survey and its results. Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg 18, 1993, 83-111. </p> <p>M. Klee, Arae Flaviae III. Der Nordvicus von Arae Flaviae. Neue Untersuchungen am nördl. Stadtrand d. röm. Rottweil. Forschungen und Berichte zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Baden- Württemberg 18 (Stuttgart1986).</p> <p>D. Planck, Arae Flaviae I. Neue Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des römischen Rottweil. Forschungen und Berichte zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Baden- Württemberg 7 (Stuttgart 1975).</p> <p>A. Rüsch, Das römische Rottweil. Führer zu archäologischen Denkmälern in Baden- Württemberg 7 (Stuttgart 1981).</p> <p>C. S. Sommer, MUNICIPIVM ARAE FLAVIAE – Militärisches und ziviles Zentrum im rechtsrheinischen Obergermanien. Das römische Rottweil im Licht neuerer Ausgrabungen. Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission 73, 1992, 269-313.</p> <p>C. S. Sommer, Vom Kastell zur Stadt, Aspekte des Übergangs in Lopodunvm/Ladenburg und Arae Flaviae/Rottweil. In: Roman frontier studies 16 (Oxford 1997) 511-516.</p> <p>C. S. Sommer, Vom Kastell zum Municipium. Zur Struktur von Arae Flaviae. - in: Colonia-municipium-vicus. Britisch Archaeological Reports International Series 783 (Oxford 1999) 59-64. </p> <p>C. S. Sommer, Eine umgestürzte Wand mit Tür vom Bau M in Rottweil/Municipium Arae Flaviae. Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg 25, 2001, 479-536.</p> <p>Reports on the continuing excavations in Rottweil:<br> Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1981 ff.</p> </BODY> </HTML>